Date of last review: Due to be updated

Differential diagnosis

  • Ocular ischaemic syndrome
  • Diabetic retinopathy
  • Hypertensive retinopathy (accelerated hypertension)
  • Papillophlebitis
  • Vasculitis

Possible management by Optometrist

Treatment

  • None

Advice

  • Referral to GP for
    • Secondary vascular risk assessment and treatment
    • Screening for multiple myeloma
  • Advise on smoking cessation
    • Consider referral to GP/pharmacy for smoking cessation programs

Management Category

  • Observation
  • Routine referral to ophthalmology, with images

Possible management by Ophthalmologist

  • Observation
  • Intravitreal anti-VEGF injections
  • Intravitreal steroid therapy
  • Macular laser
  • Pan-retinal laser